When the Consultation Itself Becomes Evidence: The CO2 Transport Inquiry and Better Regulation

The European Ombudsman has opened an inquiry into how the European Commission conducted a public consultation on its planned legislation for CO2 transportation. The case matters because it shifts scrutiny upstream: from the final legislative proposal to the way the Commission constructs the evidence base that is supposed to justify it.

DG TRADE and the Tobacco Lobby: When Transparency Becomes a Compliance Test

The European Ombudswoman’s inquiry into DG TRADE’s contacts with tobacco-industry representatives creates a test that goes beyond meeting disclosure. The central question is whether the Commission can reconstruct why contacts were necessary, what followed them, and whether corrective measures adopted after an earlier maladministration finding worked in practice.

When a Consultation Is Called a Reality Check: Does the Label Remove the Transparency Duty?

Executive summary The European Commission uses a consultation format known as a reality check to obtain information from stakeholders it has selected about practical obstacles in implementing EU rules. The Commission considers these meetings exempt from standard transparency requirements for meetings with interest representatives because they are intended to gather factual information, data or expertise. … Read more

Strategic Project, Restricted Document: How the Jadar File Became Partly Public

Executive summary A requester sought public access to a letter by which the Serbian authorities supported the designation of the Jadar lithium-mining project as a strategic project under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act. The European Commission initially refused access, arguing that disclosure could undermine international relations with Serbia. After the requester submitted a confirmatory … Read more

When the Complaints Mechanism Is Also Under Review: The Poklečani Wind Farm Case

Executive summary On 2 July 2026, the European Ombudsman opened an inquiry into how the European Investment Bank handled a complaint concerning the EIB-financed Poklečani Wind Farm in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complainant alleged that the project was not compliant with EU environmental law, the Aarhus Convention and the EIB’s Environmental and Social Standards. The … Read more